Masters in Criminal Justice Management ~ 2.2

x AALiYah

Critical Analysis of the 'Criminal Justice System'

week 2 objectives:

• Critical Analysis

• Crisis Intervention Teams

• Discussion on Case Study

discussions on organizational theory.

introduction to organizational management.

class objectives included discussion of theories and research practice exercise.

excerpt on my additions to the discussion: "Cxx Bxx Case Study

Consider the case from the perspectives of the Police chief, the Sergeant and the citizen:

 "Cxx Bxx is a summer resort community. Its winter population of 19,000 expands to 60,000 in the summer and the Cxx Bxx Police Department has problems controlling summer visitors.  One persistent problem is illegal parking. Because there are numerous complaints from year-round residents about parking, the Cxx Bxx Police Chief arranged with several towing companies to tow all illegally parked cars to the police station parking lot.  The towing companies did a brisk business, particularly on weekends, when the town was inundated with visitors.

          Part-time police officers, who were not professionally trained, were hired by the department to work weekends and were assigned to the downtown area specifically to enforce parking laws. All violators were towed; no one escaped the watchful eyes of the part-time downtown patrol officers, who were occasionally over-zealous in their enforcement activities and who perceived some of the parking violators as wanton criminals. In their desire to carry out departmental policy and to compete for tows with fellow officers assigned to the same task, they occasionally made mistakes and towed cars that were not illegally parked. 

          Having one's car towed can be a traumatic experience, particularly if the car is not illegally parked. On one such occasion, an irate young man came to the police station to claim his car, a matter that involve paying the towing company a modest fee. Refusing to pay the fee, the young man asked to see the sergeant in charge. The burly sergeant was predisposed to dislike irate young men. At first, the sergeant attempted to determine the facts, and he summoned the part-time patrol officer back to the station to get his side of the story. After listening to the stories of the patrol officer and the young man, the sergeant realized that the young man's car had been legally parked. But even so, the sergeant sided with the patrol officer and informed the young man that if he wanted his car back, he would have to pay the tow charge. The man refused, and a shouting match, precipitated by the sergeant, developed. When the man was told to leave the station, he demanded what he knew were his rights. He was told that if he did not leave the station, he would be arrested. Finally, he was taken bodily from the station by the patrol officer, who pushed him down a flight of steps to the sidewalk. The man regained his equilibrium and quietly walked off into the night, beaten by the system. He returned later, paid the fee, and reclaimed his car."

Discussion questions:

Do you feel the sergeant handled this situation properly?  If not, how should he have handled it?

If you were the chief, what actions would you take in this case? 

Give one suggestion for improving the department that has not previously been posted by a classmate.

• AaliYah’s interpretation:

  • I construe that the employment of untrained officers is itself contradictory, and, a setup for failure with no goal of success. This is comparative to assigning toddlers to babysit infants, when an adolescent or an adult would be more appropriate. Making games and of duties has less to do with amount of training and more to do with amount of maturity. Maturity includes but is not limited to traits such as patience, morality, accountability, empathy, and problem-solving - traits that are typical to the developmental stage in the human life-span of well-balance adulthood. This case study messages that of kids who got bullied in grade school, who grew up with the intent to bully others. Not only did the car get illegally towed as a game, but the citizen had to travel to both the tow company and station twice, in addition to suffering unnecessary physical injuries on top of the newly developed mistrust of authorities.

  • AaliYah does not argue: I speak truth, and, I Judge everyone including myself. I do not talk about my beliefs unless I am specifically asked as a topic of conversation. I answer questions that I am asked, I offer solutions, and my method of discussion is asking questions that prompt further conversation. I do not ask other people about their beliefs and then try to attack them, I simply state the truth and observe people’s abilities to either handle the truth or feel the need to defend themselves against the truth. Asking people about their beliefs opens the floor for opportunity to share and learn through perspectives. Arguing and debating is for children and high school debate teams – these do not lead to solutions, only bickering. When people cannot handle the truth or answers to questions that are asked, they feel the need to defend themselves against it in ways not limited to attempting to rewrite what was said. Truth is just accepted or denied, and there is freewill to do either or. I do not squirm or fidget or hide, I say exactly what I mean and I stand on it. I do not experience shame because I operate from the stance of what is right. I am not hurt by the truth because I live in and value truth.

• The right way is:

  • The way that is righteous and balanced. This removes any space for embarrassment, guilt, shame, trickery, or heavy-heartedness.

  • The sergeant very obviously handled the situation improperly, knowing right from wrong, he rejected righteousness and chose wrong – and in a small situation at that – these behavioral traits cannot be used to handle larger situations the right way. The officers on duty should not have been hired for the event if untrained, so this should not have happened at all. The sergeant should have righted the young man by being accountable in his leadership role – getting him his car back free of charge, reimbursing him for his inconvenience, and reprimanding the officers who committed this wrong.

• As Chief, my actions on this case:

  • Employing my Enforcers of Truth – what some refer to as Super Heroes

  • Use of signage for parking directions including penalties if violated

  • Staff member on-site during the seasons of influx visitors to physically direct parking

  • Set up pay-for-parking lots during this time as a preventative measure instead of towing companies as a reactive measure. Some towing may still occur but is minimized and the intent shifts.

  • Should an unfortunate incident such as this occur, my righteous warriors would apologize to the young man without feeling ashamed in being wrong but understanding mistakes happen, escorted him to get his car free of charge, brought the young man to me for me to reimburse him for his inconvenience because I have savings accounts for preparedness of these rarities, and let him go. It is likely that even if this scenario was a mistake that it would not occur under my command. This also builds trust between my authority and my citizens.

• AaliYah’s improvement recommendations are:

  • Treat others the way you want to be treated

  • Being accountable for being wrong should not be embarrassing, it is simply an opportunity to make something right.

  • Approach every situation with the intent to problem-solve.

  • Leadership positions are not for those who are not leaders.

  • Enforcers should enforce their own communities, where they grew up and know most people by name, where they are familiar with seasonal patterns in the area to anticipate known tourist attractions and prepare for responsiveness to challenges

  • Human capital management

    • No matter the denomination, when you eat – you pray giving thanks, and even for those who claim belief in nothing if they become in fear – you say, “Oh My God” "Why God?" "Please God" "So Help Me God" "Oh For God Sakes" "Oh God" "God-damn" "God damn it" etc…Justice is God’s business. Minimize humanism, and be worthy enough for the return of God to see a better world.

“Honest people listen; they don’t get defensive. They tell you they understand and they offer to correct the problem. Not being able to listen or respond appropriately is a personality flaw in many untrustworthy people.” (Goldsmith PhD., B., 2021)

References

Goldsmith PhD., B. (2021, July 21). Psychology Today. How to Deal With Con Artists and Liars. 2024. Sussex Publishers, LLC. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-fitness/202107/how-deal-con-artists-and-liars

Response 1

Hi! This post successfully provides improvement recommendations for this case study. I have been reading through the Conciliation Approach in the Community Policing resource, and the application of it here in this post as a method of consideration was achieved. Based off the context of the resource reading, do you think Conciliation Approach is integrated systems-thinking, or do you think it is narrative at a means of damage control?

Did the young man cause the escalation, or was he the only rightfully emotional party in the situation. Should those who are done-wrong have more responsibility to exhibit emotional intelligence than those who appear to be in positions of authority? If authority who are highly skilled in emotional intelligence use these skills to problem-solve, do you think this type of escalation would occur?

This post suggests a strategized plan as Chief, to increase parking availability as a response to known change with the seasonal patterns of increase visitors and traffic. This is seemingly an appropriate plan, answering increase space for increase visitors. If there is no increase in space for increased visitors, sounds like an overflow is inevitable. This strategy is not yet one I have come across while reading posts, and would be a plan for success. This post and mine include returning the car to the young man without fee, also mentioning improved relationship by trust-building.

What objectives do you think are included in training? Is de-escalation, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving goals in training, and if not, would it be valuable for them to be?

Response 2

Hi! This post includes steps for handling the case study type scenario. With notifying the vehicle owner as step 2, this assists in preparing the citizen for the current situation, rather than hitting them with the element of surprise and confusion when they come out and see that their car is not where they left it. This notice will allow emotions to flow properly so that it decreases the likelihood of the young citizen to come to the station full of emotion at this misdeed he is facing. Since there is not a positive track record of these officers handling people’s emotions well, as the case study states that the Sergeant precipitated the shouting match when the young man refused to pay the fee he was not rightfully due, this also offers the opportunity for the young citizen who has done nothing wrong to retrieve his vehicle before it is wrongfully towed. At this point the officer can catch the mistake before it becomes one – saving the Day.

This post also lists offering assistance as step 8. In comparison to my post, this would be an opportunity for the officer to point the young tourist in the right direction, if it was indeed illegally parked, to the proper parking lot. As a resort community, visitors are completely routine for this area year-round, and with or without any type of training it is known for Summer vacations in particular. With this known, it appears that the actions you would choose as Chief and the improvement suggestions given in this post are that of preventative measures rather than reactive – in this: what training in addition to the parking violations and towing procedures stated in this post do you suggest trained officers receive for this type of community?

Response 3

Hi! This post successfully takes the position that the case study is an example of police violence. With summary of the case study, this post expresses emphasis by reference, defining police brutality, and analyzing the behaviors of the officers and Sergeant involved. Naming the young citizen as a victim of this unnecessarily violent assault and brutality, what immediate policies should be in place as procedural consequences for this wrongdoing?

With training being a critical factor in behavior, do you think that behaviors in this industry are positively reinforced? In many other industries, second chances are not given – whether as warning, or as an opportunity for further training – when any type of wrongful behavior is exhibited, firing is done on the spot, this is including but not limited to food service, administrative services, etc. More training, or better training has been a theme for improvement recommendations regarding this case study – the average person, extending to those of us partaking in this critical analysis of the criminal justice system have not received such training, yet we are all able clearly determine the wrongdoings, violence, and illegalities illustrated in the case study. Why is it that those of authority, are in positions of authority, and are in need of this type of training? Also, at most, many of all hear, “no bullying,” in grade school, did those in these authoritative positions miss these days of general class?

This post offers proper upbringing as one of the suggested improvements for better function to prevent such occurrences. What type of upbringing do you think is typical of those chosen for these positions? Also, what type of training do you think is received at all to be hired in this field if common decency, accountability, emotional intelligence, proper use of force in appropriate situations, problem-solving, critical-thinking, effective communication, and behavioral health are a specialized category of training only offered on-the-job after a wrongdoing occurs?"

excerpt from my assignment: "Introduction

The aim of this research treatise is to analyze the effectiveness of Crisis Intervention Teams through case study background, two scholarly research journals, and cross-examination of all resources referenced. Are Crisis Intervention Teams successful in reducing force, avoiding arrests, and providing treatment for the mentally ill offender? Does research corroborate successful usage, or does it confirm ineffectiveness by staggering supposition? Thesis herein, is that the hypothesis of Crisis Intervention Teams merely sounds effective for efforts of success, while the actuality of the teams and the entire organization is deficient in efforts of success.

Crisis Intervention Teams were the encouraged answer as responsiveness to change within the design of the law enforcement organization, due to the problem of inappropriately handling the increasing encounters with people experiencing mental illness. As an illustration of the core deficiency in abilities such as empathy, emotional intelligence, accountability, problem-solving, balance as appropriate response-to-issue, maturity, talent acquisition, de-escalation, and superior leadership, the modern law enforcement organizational structure is collectively incompetent. These skills are requirement first individually and second cohesively to design a team of capable heroes needed for saving its civilians – including de-escalation of mental health crises and avoiding arrests by directing individuals into treatment programs. The height of this organization blames inadequate training, yet does not prompt foundational restructuring, instead, narratives of effort are the cover.

Case Study Background

Crisis Intervention Teams were developed in responsiveness to fatal interactions between police officers and offenders experiencing negative mental health. With mental illness on the rise, interactions involving mentally ill individuals have become more prevalent, which often result in unnecessary police force. The turning point that directly led to developing Crisis Intervention Teams resulted from the shooting death of a mentally ill 27-year-old, an active cocaine user. The decision to develop such teams was to de-escalate interactions with individuals experiencing negative mental health, by directing them into treatment programs rather than arresting them.

Evaluation of Effectiveness

If inadequate from the start, matriculation is denied. This is the case across majority of various industries, in fact, an example of rewarding failure is difficult to produce. With great exhaustion, the only example found to date is that of special education. In special education, learning is laxed as the capacity of competence the class of individuals have is the scale of score. In this example, ceremonial applause during illusive matriculation is given to those for meeting standards such as perfect attendance, and tasks related to minor age groups. The expectation of a junior-high special education class of individuals is not that of an advanced placement collegiate class of individuals. This is because, they simply cannot complete the same tasks. If these are the individuals placed in heroic positions professionally, there is much effort needed to continuously rewrite narratives to cast illusions of an inadequacy improving.

Special education is defined as, “classroom or private instruction involving techniques, exercises, and subject matter designed for students whose learning needs cannot be met by standard school curriculum; any of several educational services designed for students with learning difficulties, mental health problems, or other disabilities; educations of physically or mentally handicapped children whose needs cannot be met in an ordinary classroom.” (American Heritage Dictionary). This is a medical issue requiring correct classification of individuals. Disability is defined as, “the condition of being disabled – incapacity; a disadvantage or deficiency, especially a physical or mental impairment that interferes with or prevents normal achievement in a particular area.” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024). Training is defined as, “the act or process of exercising, disciplining, etc.; education.” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024). Incompetent is defined as, “lacking qualities necessary for effective conduct or actions.” American Heritage Dictionary, 2024).

The word, “ice,” is in police and officer. What does this mean? They are not solely named law enforcement and certainly do not exude the deserved hero or superhero. “Doc,” is known as short for doctor, and although is not the same as healer, medical relates to medicine. What truly is a police officer? Who is for ice and who is off ice? Is, “pol” for politic or policy? Do we have ice policy? Or unfair ice? Or shrewd as in ice trick? Politic is defined as an adjective that means, “political, shrewd, or tactful.”  (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024). Shrewd is defined as, “inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold; hence, vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious; rough; unfair; shrewish.” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024). The etymology of, “police officer,” answers the confusion of ambiguity due to much of it as obsolete. (Harper, D., n.d.). To what is distinct, is the element of force. The police force, is designed to be forceful. It is not designed to be heroic or handle situations with appropriate levels of force. As stated by the National Institute of Justice, “There is no single, universally agreed-upon definition of use of force.” (National Institute of Justice, 2020). Obsolete meaning, “imperfectly developed; not very distinct,” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024), “no set of rules governs when officers should use force and how much.” (National Institute of Justice, 2020).  Thus, the police force, is simply designed to be forceful. It is designed to be cold, meaning, “being at a temperature that is less than what is required or what is normal; lacking emotion.” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024). In lacking emotion, one has the deficient capacity to be emotionally intelligent, which is critical in de-escalation, or empathetic, which is critical in appropriate response of force. Its conception is due to mimicking the integrated system of Ancient Egypt society, having the envious desire simply that of wanting power, and wanting to be powerful. This is not the design structure of healing the society by protecting those in harm, or mediating problems between civilians, or reprimanding the wrongdoers. Therefore, it is inadequate for the goal achievement in reducing force and directing those needing treatment into treatment programs by avoiding arrest. Yet it desires to be viewed as heroic by programming civilians to be the who they call on when in need of help, saving, rescuing, or problem-solving. In this trickery tact, the police force appears to the scene not to save the day, but to receive points for arrests by meeting quotas, causing injustices themselves by committing crimes in the process. Encounter is defined as, “a hostile or adversarial confrontation; a meeting of hostile purpose – hence a combat – a battle; to meet, esp. as enemies.” (American Heritage Dictionary, 2024).

For Crisis Intervention Teams to be effective, they would have to be required and truly follow through with the practices it claims to specialize in, in its curriculum. Being that the implementation of Crisis Intervention Teams is encouraged, it is subject to remain a hypothesis that is ineffective as a practice. For example, “Ohio had increased the minimum training on mental health issues in the academy from two to 20 hours, so all police officers receive a basic introduction to mental illness and some training in de-escalation techniques.” (Bonfine, N., et. al., 2017, pg. 4). In this example, basic training increase can be mandatory. But, if not upheld as new policy to be incorporated and nurtured into routine practice, it remains a suggestion or something said rather than done. In the above reference of training, by definition the act must be exercised. This same reference continues as, “The blended approach encourages departments to collaborate with community mental health stakeholders and advocates for community CIT programs, with larger departments developing and fostering specialized teams of officers who are selected to serve as CIT officers (consistent with the Memphis model), and smaller departments training as many CIT officers as necessary to provide 24/7 coverage. The influence of basic, introductory training for all police officers on their interactions with people in crisis is unknown as is the impact of the blended approach, with all officers having a basic, introductory training on mental health and de-escalation in addition to the presence of a specialized Crisis Intervention Team, on communities. Also still unknown is the percentage of CIT officers needed in large urban departments to ensure full coverage (i.e., saturation) for all mental illness-related calls.” (Bonfine, N., et. al., 2017, pg. 4).

Summative Assessment of Scholarly Research

For scholarly research purposes, is analysis of two academic journals regarding Crisis Intervention Teams, and two medically accredited resources regarding mental health and disabilities. An erudite article on the prevalence of mental illness referred to the U.S. stat of about one in every five adults will experience a diagnosable mental illness in any given year, while itself producing that a disproportionate number of people with mental illness are involved in critical police encounters resulting in arrest, excessive use of force, and everything in between in addition to police shootings as the most extreme end of the unnecessary and fatal spectrum. It is highly likely that mental illness contributes to the risk of incarceration due to these increasing encounters. With Pennsylvania reporting 25% of inmates (12,000+) having been previously diagnosed with mental illness, this is slightly higher than the overall U.S. prison population of 22%. (Bratina, M. P., et al., 2021, pg.1). Referencing, “cost of incarceration of PwMI is almost half a billion dollars per year (Heun-Johnson et al. 2018),” this article also states, “Over the past 10 years, Crisis or Specialized Police Response (“SPR”) trainings have been increasingly implemented in many communities to the responsiveness to their maltreatment of the growing concerns of encounters with people experiencing mental illness.  (e.g., Krider et al. 2020).” (Bratina, M. P., et al., 2021, pg.1). Referring to the implementation of the Crisis Intervention Teams as encouraged adopted training as a need, rather than a requirement to prevent fatalities, this resources details the optional curriculum, ideas of collaborative methods between officers and healthcare providers, and, origin of development: “A study focusing Crisis Intervention Teams in rural jurisdictions, origin of first developed and implemented was in Memphis, Tennessee in 1988 as a response to a highly publicized police shooting of a man with serious mental illness (Taheri 2016).Trained CIT officers are encouraged to act as both law enforcement and community partners (Taheri 2016). The primary curriculum, which is now commonly referred to as the “Memphis Model”, has become a globally recognized “gold standard” training program (SAMHSA 2018). It entails a 40-h/week-long training program consisting of an array of modules, community-police interactive panels and activities, site visits, and role-play scenarios designed to educate and inform police, institutional and community correctional officers, and other first responders about how to more effectively respond to behavioral health related crisis encounters (Bratina [ 2]; SAMHSA [18]; Usher et al. [24]) While there is a set curriculum, community needs often drive the length or presence of content modules (e.g., more time spent on dementia, minimal time spent on veterans’ issues).” (Bratina, M. P., et al., 2021, pg. 1-2).

A second scholastic article of research studies factors in relation to departmental adoption of the Crisis Intervention Teams, identifying three categories relative to police use of the model: chief training, chief educational attainment, and departmental resources. Findings conclude that departments run by a chief who has received training on a police response model, department run by a chief with an advanced degree, and departments with unusually great resources – such as staff and funding – are more likely to operate a Crisis Intervention Team than other departments. These findings state the importance in the role of education, training, and resources play in the process of adopting the Crisis Intervention Team model. (Seo, C., et al., 2022, pg. 8). “Police departments need to adopt effective policing strategies to safely handle encounters with PWMI, such as the CIT model. Our findings show the important role education, training, and resources play in the adoption process.” (Seo, C., et al., 2022, pg. 8)

Additionally, a third scholarly journal focuses on the methodology of collaboration between police officers and healthcare providers during encounters that Crisis Intervention Teams are involved in. With international claims that, “police interference,” in these situations are increasing, often is that the firstly dispatched responders in psychiatric emergencies are police officers. (Stigter, O. C., et al., 2021, pg. 1). These individuals experiencing a crisis episode are regularly taken to police stations and kept in temporary custody until emergency mental health services can be dispatched them. (Stigter, O. C., et al., 2021, pg. 1). “Using the police cell as intervention in mental health crises is widespread. There has been an ongoing international discussion about task alignment between police officers and emergency mental healthcare workers in these crisis situations.This particular practice puts individuals with a serious health problem in a secluded place without psychiatric care. This aspect confronts involved professionals with several ethical dilemmas because instead of care the person gets the same procedures as a criminal. Biomedical ethical principles such as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice are likely to come into play in this scenario.” (Stigter, O. C., et al., 2021, pg. 1). Further, patients in the study of this article provide stats, that their experience of stay in a police cell felt stigmatizing, stressful, and frightening, triggered by a lack of information about what was going to happen in the following minutes or hours, increasing their suffering at the peak of the crisis and creating an extra burden in addition to all their other problems at that moment. (Stigter, O. C., et al., 2021, pg. 1).  “Nonmaleficence and beneficence came under pressure in this situation. These results are the same as in other studies on seclusions in psychiatric wards. Varelius claims that tailored shared decision‐making helps prevent traumatic experiences and promotes the recovery process. According to our participants’ feedback, respectful treatment and proper information management could prevent a great deal of harm. The value of self‐determination and autonomy is clear from the contribution of a patient council member who arranged her own stay in a police cell and had a more positive assessment in retrospect. There is conflicting feedback on how police and emergency mental health services acted. It is positive in the experienced situations where patients felt they were seen and heard and negative when they experienced the opposite. Various studies confirm the advantages of de‐escalating and respectful contact in the patients’ acceptance of a past situation of despair and crisis. In the focus group interviews with emergency mental health service workers, there is no specific reflection found on using a police cell in relation to the consequences of the recovery process of the patient. A possible explanation could be that an enforced stay in the police cell can be conceived as a logical first step towards involuntary care. However mental health professionals could play an important role in reducing coercion in crisis care. The lack of attention for how a stay in the police cell can affect recovery is possibly also driven by prioritizing the avoidance of confrontation with aggression in scenarios of this kind. It is known from the literature that aggression can lead to professionals’ disengagement and demoralization. Confrontations with seriously disruptive behavior can influence the perception of emergency mental healthcare workers. It can lead to a separated assessment of the disorder and situation and a failure to see the patient as a person. In other words context and person become two separate things. From this separated point of view, decision‐making only takes place based on the observed situation. Starting involuntary care is supposed to be easier from this perspective.” (Stigter, O. C., et al., 2021, pg. 6).

Contrast and Comparative Perspectives

In comparing the journalistic perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of Crisis Intervention Teams, shown is two alike perspectives on the additional training that is basic in necessity. Also similarly concluded is the statistical data found in its studies is the correlation of mishandled interactions to the inadequacy of the additional basic training, as well as increased trauma. Both scholarly resources express the particular need for adopting the training offered in the Crisis Interventions Teams. While providing statistical data from utilization, as well data collected from interviews of people with mental illness involved in the encounters, and statistical data from non-utilization of the Crisis Interventions Teams, the need for more training continues to be the narrative. There is concord as it pertains to the subject of more training as the solution resulting in effectiveness, yet there is discord and ambiguity when analyzing the directive that the current implementation has been ineffective. This is conducive to the illusion of an improving organization. Describing ineffectiveness while striving for effectiveness is not effectiveness. And, using education as a crutch and an appearance of soon-to-see improvement, clearly consequents that reaching for improvement is not reached improvement.  Because statistical data shows over a decade of a 40-hour training course that has yet to produce the reached effectiveness. Both scholarly resources have overall tones of hopefulness with undertones of defeat by data, providing obvious methods of improvement that are not required or upheld. Both authors conclude, not that Crisis Intervention Teams are effective or ineffective, but that with more training added to its optional curriculum and encouraging more utilization of its optional measures can it become effective. In contrast, the first article focuses on the training of officers while the second article focuses on training of chiefs.

In cross-examination of scholarly research on mental health and disabilities, and of crisis interventions teams – the authors of the two articles on Crisis Intervention Teams, in addition to the third, find that Crisis Intervention Teams has high probability to decrease force and provide treatment for mentally ill offenders, but do not conclude that it definitely does decrease force and provide treatment for mentally ill offenders. In fact, the third article describes arresting individuals during these encounters and using the police cell as the intervention. “How people think about disability affects how they feel about disability. Although people have various individual perspectives on disability, these viewpoints can be categorized into three overarching models of disability—moral, medical, and social (Olkin, 2002).” (Olkin PhD., R., 2022). Mental health disorders affect how well people maintain relationships, function in social settings, perform at work or school, learn at the level expected for their age and intelligence, and participate in other important activities (Mayo Clinc, 2021). On one hand it is acknowledged that war soldiers may experience post-traumatic stress disorder which is classified as a mental health disorder, but unacknowledged for general and trigger-happy law enforcement – as if the supposed-to-be heroes are exempt from or above mental illness themselves. Many people who have mental health disorders consider their signs and symptoms a normal part of life or avoid treatment out of shame or fear. (Mayo Clinc, 2021). Evaluated by medical professionals is that treatment for mental illness is needed – not limited to – when there is excessive anger, hostility, or violent behavior. (Mayo Clinc, 2021).

Conclusive Analytical Summary

The difference in the labeled mentally ill and modern law enforcement, is the label. More educated is the person who knows they have a mental illness. In this acceptance, measures of treatment can be taken. If rejected, measures of declination are the inevitable automated result that occurs due to denial and nontreatment. It is contradictory, dangerous to self, and an insult to everyone’s intelligence for individuals who lack basic natural leadership skills to be placed in positions of authority. This disaster of a recipe is an intentional strategy for encouraging a dystopian society.  

A question that prompted this research treatise is that of whether or not Crisis Intervention Teams should be used. The answer is, that it is not a matter of whether or not the development of Crisis Intervention Teams as responsiveness to change should be used, but a matter of de-escalation, emotional intelligence, maturity, problem-solving, and righteous intent should be the mandatory baseline requirements in the talent acquisition of every law professional in every department and at every level. Due to Crisis Intervention Teams training being encouraged and not required, including collaborating with healthcare practitioners in crises that involve the need of health treatment as an ideal optional process, Crisis Intervention Team is not synonymous with appropriate answers to appropriate problems. So, yes, the training it is narrated to involve to the effectiveness it is narrated to be striving for, is correct in verbiage. But, no, a specialized team should not be used as the said training should be basic common knowledge as natural abilities to all in the field. This entire subject is an exemplification of individuals with known and accepted mental illness that are unaware that they are recipients of attempts at bullying by individuals with unknown and denial mental illness. The former is seeking treatment and may find themselves in situations needing treatment while encountering the latter denying treatment and hiding behind badges. The former receiving punishment for wearing their appropriate label, the latter indulging in circus gratification for wearing an inappropriate label. The difference between diagnosed mentally ill and modern law enforcement is that one responsibly sought help.

References

Bonfine, N., Singh, E., Ritter, C., Simera, R. H., & Munetz, M. R. (2017). Research Note: Retention and Training Saturation for Crisis Intervention Teams: An Update and Directions for Future Research. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, 17(3), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.19151/leef.2017.1703e

Bratina, M. P., Carsello, J. A., Carrero, K. M., & Antonio, M. E. (2021). An Examination of Crisis Intervention Teams in Rural Jurisdictions. Community Mental Health Journal, 57(7), 1388–1398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00797-7

Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of police. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved May 29, 2024, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/police

Mayo Clinic (2021, December 14). Mental Health: What’s normal, what’s not. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098

National Institute of Justice. (2020, March 5). Overview of Police Use of Force. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Program https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/overview-police-use-force

Olkin PhD., R. (2022, March 29). Conceptualizing disability: Three models of disability. American Psychology Association. https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psychology-teacher-network/introductory-psychology/disability-models

Seo, C., & Kruis, N. E. (2022). Examining Factors Related to Departmental Adoption of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Models: A Survey of Police Chiefs. Community Mental Health Journal, 58(8), 1468–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-022-00961-7

Stigter, O. C., van de Sande, R., de Kuiper, M., & Braam, A. (2021). Using the police cell as intervention in mental health crises: Qualitative approach to an interdisciplinary practice and its possible consequences. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(4), 1735–1742. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12743

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Dictionary. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=dictionary+definition&ia=web&iax=definition

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Disability. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=disability+definition&ia=web

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Encounter. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=encounter+definition&ia=web&iax=definition

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Incompetent. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=incompetent+definition&ia=web

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Obsolete. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=obsolete+definition&ia=web&iax=definition

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Special Education. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=special+education+definition&ia=web

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. Training. https://duckduckgo.com/?q=training+definition&ia=web"

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Yah's Judgment:

"I ain't got opps, I got all fans." x King Von

Fans can't spell. Fans got speech impediments.

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Yah's notes

• Sold us our for chicken change to a bunch of goofies in a circus they call hell, after all I've been throught it's still hard to grasp this shxt. Very, very silly waste of time. The intent was to scare, yet I am dying the slowest death of second-hand embarrassment. Str8 fans.

• Syndrome -- frm Mr. Incredible

• I ain't gone lie i'm in awe at how stupid ppl can be and at how many stupids there are

• At what point of these dumbass tactics am I supposed to decide to not love my King Von?

• When I read the definition of fxcktards, I could not keep my composure

• And, some of yall who really want to come off cool actually belong to a group of goofy cowards, fanned out snakes, it's so hard to believe this is the war against me -- I'm just gone go put my nose in tha corner place myself in timeout cut I need to re-evaluate fear.

 x AALiYah

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